Which right is guaranteed by the 2nd Amendment?

The 2nd Amendment of the United States Constitution specifically guarantees the right to bear arms. This amendment was ratified in 1791 as part of the Bill of Rights and is often cited in discussions regarding gun ownership and regulation. Its wording emphasizes the importance of a "well regulated Militia" for the security of a free State, thereby affirming the individual right to possess firearms for lawful purposes, such as self-defense.

The other options align with different amendments in the Bill of Rights. The right to a fair trial is assured by the 6th Amendment, the right against cruel and unusual punishment is protected under the 8th Amendment, and the right to freedom of speech is secured by the 1st Amendment. Each of these rights is critical to the protection of civil liberties, but they are distinct from the right associated with the 2nd Amendment, making "the right to bear arms" the correct response to this question.