Which of the following is a primary function of the First Amendment?

The First Amendment to the United States Constitution serves a crucial role in safeguarding fundamental freedoms that are essential to a democratic society. Its primary function is to protect the rights of individuals in relation to both expression and belief. This includes the freedoms of speech, press, religion, assembly, and petition, all of which are central to ensuring that citizens can express their views, criticize the government, and gather peacefully to advocate for change or express their beliefs.

The freedom of speech allows individuals to communicate their thoughts and opinions without fear of government retribution. The press plays a critical role in disseminating information and fostering public discourse, while the freedom of religion ensures individuals can practice their beliefs without interference. Furthermore, the rights to assemble and petition allow people to come together for collective action and to call upon the government to address grievances.

This comprehensive protection is foundational to the functioning of a democratic society, as it promotes open dialogue and allows for a marketplace of ideas, essential for social progress and political accountability. The other choices suggest functions that do not align with the core purpose of the First Amendment, such as establishing a national religion or regulating private citizens' behaviors. Thus, the focus remains on the protection of individual liberties rather than imposing restrictions or mandates.