Which of the following best describes civil liberties?

The characterization of civil liberties as rights that protect individuals from government overreach is accurate and emphasizes the fundamental purpose of these liberties. Civil liberties are essential legal protections that restrain government powers and safeguard individual freedoms. Their primary function is to ensure that the state does not infringe upon personal rights such as freedom of speech, religion, and the right to privacy. This notion is rooted in the constitution and is designed to maintain individual autonomy and safeguard personal freedoms against potential abuse by governmental authority.

In contrast, the other options do not adequately represent the core principle of civil liberties. While some laws may guarantee certain rights, this does not encapsulate the essence of civil liberties as a protective measure against government abuse. Furthermore, civil liberties are not solely restricted to U.S. citizens; they can also extend to all individuals within the jurisdiction. Lastly, the notion that civil liberties are only applicable during wartime does not reflect their ongoing relevance in times of peace, as these rights are consistently asserted and defended regardless of the national context.