Which document is often referred to as America's "first" constitution?

The Articles of Confederation is often referred to as America's "first" constitution because it was the first formal governing document to be adopted by the United States following the Declaration of Independence. Ratified in 1781, it established a confederation of sovereign states and a weak central government that was responsible for conducting the war effort and managing diplomatic relations. The Articles were a significant step in the evolution of American governance, laying the groundwork for the eventual Constitution, which created a stronger federal government.

In contrast, the Magna Carta is a historical document from 1215 that established certain legal rights in England but does not pertain to the U.S. constitutional framework. The Declaration of Independence, while crucial in declaring independence from Britain, is not a governing document but rather a statement of principles and grievances. The Federalist Papers, written to promote ratification of the U.S. Constitution, are important commentaries on government but do not serve as a constitution themselves.