What does the 1st Amendment protect?

The First Amendment of the United States Constitution is fundamental in safeguarding essential freedoms that are vital for a democratic society. It specifically protects five core rights: the freedom of religion, the right to assemble, the right to petition the government, the freedom of the press, and the right to free speech.

These rights ensure that individuals can express their ideas and beliefs without fear of government retaliation or censorship. By allowing for diverse viewpoints and peaceful assembly, the First Amendment serves as a foundation for public discourse and civic engagement. The protections afforded by the First Amendment empower citizens, helping to foster a society where critical discussions about governance, social issues, and public policy can occur freely.

Other options relate to different amendments and rights: the right to bear arms is covered by the Second Amendment, protection against illegal search and seizure falls under the Fourth Amendment, and rights of the accused are primarily addressed in the Fifth and Sixth Amendments. Thus, the choice concerning religion, assembly, petition, press, and speech distinctly encapsulates the full scope of protections offered by the First Amendment.